The Mexican Drugs Cartels

The Mexican Drugs Cartels Mexico City is well known for drug trafficking which took place smoothly without any interference. The emergence of the Mexican drug cartels was initiated by Miguel ngel Fà ©lix Gallardo, who was a Judicial Federal Police agent in Mexico in the 1980s.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Mexican Drugs Cartels specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The drug trafficking was easily achieved because he developed a wells of the illegal drugs traded Mexico’s drug cartels are known to control nearly 70 percent of the total traded illegal drugs in the United States. Among the major drugs traded include, cannabis sativa and methamphetamine as well as heroin. Additionally, it is estimated that 90 percent of the total cocaine supplied to the United States come from Mexico having been produced in Columbia. This is estimated to earn them approximately $13.6 billion to $48.4 billion on yearly basis. Recent research findings revea l that the Mexican economy would drop considerably by 63 percent should drug trading be cleared completely (Randal, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Mexican Drugs Cartels specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Current cartels Apparently, there are two major alliances of drug dealers in operation since February 2010; one composed of Tijuana cartel, Los Zetas, Juarez cartel and Beltrn-Leyva Cartel‎‎, and the other one made of Sinoloa cartel, Gulf and La Familia cartel (Randal, 2009). Transnational organized crime (TOC) It is also referred to as transnational crime, which is planned offense, practiced across national borders between states. Transnational organized crime is dreaded most because of its deleterious effect on national security affecting social, economic, and political development of the society. Some of the planned offences include human trafficking, trafficking of firearms, drugs trafficki ng, money laundering, trafficking of migrants where the most prevalent one is peddling of drugs which attracts huge profits. There is a dire need for the governments to cooperate with UNODC in finding a solution to the impending problem as well as prevent further development of these offences (Fukumi, 2008). The increased involvement in trade between nations because of modernization and globalization has paved way for more involvement in criminal activities. However, the ancient form of governance has ceased, replacing it with loose networks that are now dominant in the drugs trafficking. It has been observed that these organized crime â€Å"groups involved in drug trafficking are commonly engaged in smuggling of other illegal goods† (Stares, 1996). Indeed, the fight against these well-established or organized gangs is an uphill task since these groups are deeply entrenched and are hard to dislodge. Some of the recommendations to curb their operations may include use of elect ronic gadgets to fast track the criminals, carrying out impromptu inspections of people and vehicles, enacting tighter rules of disclosing criminal activities (Seelke, 2010). The effect after government interference This took effect when Mexican President Felipe Calderon launched war against drugs in an effort to combat the violent crimes that were committed by the drug traffickers. Both the military forces and the police came together to cut back the brutal murders as security was an issue all over Mexico. However, this has not borne much success as corruption of the government officers has led to the criminals being set free (Randal, 2009).Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The current status of the state is that of an incompetent government which has no power over these criminals; indeed, the state is now in panic as brutal blood shedding and violence are the norm of the day as more powerful, wealthier and influential gangs of drugs have come up to bribe the police force leading to escalation of crime. However, the government has not given up; it is determined to recruit more honest and reliable police and military forces to execute justice and good governance. The government is also strategizing on setting up federal police troops who would campaign against drugs as a way of reforming the corrupt groups. The government has incurred a lot of expenses in quest for security and peace in Mexico. The war on drugs has so far adversely affected the economy of Mexico as the government tries to curb the impending crimes (Rakrf, 2008). In addition, the Mexican government faces a great challenge of gaining confidence in the state as drug trafficking is so much entrenched in the peoples’ daily life as it brings much more food on the table than any other source of income. Conclusion It is quite clear that the fight against these forms of organized crimes will never end as long as the enacted laws have been breached or are not well established. The fight against its further penetration into the less prevalent areas has not been very successful. This may partly be attributed to lack of cooperation among states to prevent consumption of hard drugs, and partly because of corruption among government officials (Seelke, 2010). More stringent laws should be enforced on the criminals and drug policies should be re-examined to ensure there is no loophole left for drug traffickers to operate. On the other hand, the government should strive to provide the necessary machinery that is lacking in the society, which makes them result to crimes, as well as try to eliminate unemployment, under-development, poverty, over-population, tribalism, environm ental deprivation and illiteracy (Stares, 1996). References Fukumi, S. (2008). Cocaine trafficking in Latin America: EU and US policy responses. Burlington: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. Grayson, G. (2010). Mexico: narco-violence and a failed state? Jersey: Transaction Publishers. Randal, C. A. (2009). Mexican Drug Cartel Violence Spills Over, Alarming U.S. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/23/us/23border.html Rakrf, J. (2008). Calderon defends war on cartels. Retrieved from https://mexicoinstitute.wordpress.com/2008/11/28/calderon-defends-war-on-cartels/ Seelke, C. R. (2010). Latin America and the Caribbean: Illicit Drug Trafficking and U. S. Counterdrug Programs. NY: DIANE Publishing. Stares, P. B. (1996). Global habit: the drug problem in a borderless world. Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press.

History of Spain - Overview

History of Spain - Overview Location of Spain Historical Summary of Spain Spain was invaded by Napoleon and saw struggles between an allied force and France, which the allies won, but this triggered independence movements among Spain’s imperial possessions. During the nineteenth century the political scene in Spain came to be dominated by the military, and in the twentieth century two dictatorships occurred: Rivera’s in 1923 – 30 and Franco’s in 1939 – 75. Franco kept Spain out of World War 2 and survived in power; he planned a transition back to monarchy for when he died, and this occurred in 1975 – 78 with the re-emergence of a democratic Spain. Key Events in Spanish History Key People from the History of Spain Ferdinand and Isabella 1452 – 1516 / 1451 - 1504Known as the Catholic Monarchs because of their faith, Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile married in 1469; both came to power in 1479, Isabella after a civil war. They united the kingdoms of Aragon, Castile and several other regions under one monarchy and sponsored the journeys of European explorers, helping to establish a wealthy Spanish empire.Franco 1892 - 1975Franco came to power after emerging as leader of the victorious right wing Republicans in the Spanish Civil War. He cannily avoided entering World War 2 on the side of Hitler, who many regarded as a natural ally, and instead survived in power until 1975. He harshly suppressed many supposed enemies. Rulers of Spain

Evaluate the Future Impact of Media Technologies in Tourism Essay

Evaluate the Future Impact of Media Technologies in Tourism - Essay Example International arrivals rise at a slower rate but in complete terms rose from 394 million in 1988 to 613 million in 1997. Less inclusive figures are obtainable for domestic tourism. In some, such as France, domestic holidays continued to increase; elsewhere (for example, the United Kingdom, Germany, Australia and New Zealand), signs of stagnation or decline were appearing, in part as a consequence of increased outbound tourism. In disparity, domestic tourism was fetching more important in some developing countries as varying values of living destined domestic tour was becoming more reachable to a wider example of society (Chris Cooper, 2001). Countries in Europe and North America are still major sources and others have joined destinations for international tourism but in recent years, especially in Asia and the Pacific. Varying rates of growth have been recorded in these and in other regions of the world, such as Africa and South America. Resorts in some of the latter regions have a relatively long tradition of tourism, such as Bariloche in Argentina. In further places, for instance parts of Africa or a few Pacific islands, tourism is still budding as a figure of expansion. While numbers there may as yet be relatively insignificant on a global scale, they may be of increasing significance locally. As an outcome of these models and procedures, tourism is moreover before now extensively recognized as a key segment of nationwide, regional and local economies in a lot of parts of the world or being aggressively measured or cultivated as an expansion alternative in many others (Jarice Hanson, 1990). The expansion of tourism h as been accompanied by a noteworthy increase in media technology and research activities in this field. Tourism programmes connected to media, centres and subdivisions have developed on sites universal, and tourism conferences have propagated and fresh

Climate Change in Latin America and the Caribbean Essay

Climate Change in Latin America and the Caribbean - Essay Example The glaciers in Columbia are vanishing and there are hurricanes not only in Central America but even in southern Brazil. The result of these phenomena will have debilitating effects on fisheries, coral reefs, water availability and agriculture. It will also result in an imbalance as the fragile ecosystem will not be in position to tolerate the increasing carbon level in the atmosphere as also the degrading effects of deforestation (Climate change threatens Latin America and the Caribbean). One may wish to turn the clock back and work on an agenda that may trigger the momentum to restore the ecological balance. The good news is that attempts are made in the direction of this restoration. The outcome of these attempts may take decades or even centuries to realize the desired effects. Nevertheless, the issue is survival of mankind with the rest of the plants and animals. Hence, every little contribution towards revival of the original environment has exponential effects in the improvement of the entire region. The increase in the amount of carbon in the air poses dire problems. It will raise sea level by 15 to 95 cm by 2100 AD. Heavy rains, floods, drought, desertification could result in colossal unsettlement and disease such as malaria and cholera. Poor countries such as Cuba and Guatemala will be particularly affected as they will not have the means to sustain elongated period of disease and drought (Future Climate Change in Cuba and Guatemala). The Contributions The steps for restoration of the ecological balance are worked out by ensuring clean energy technology and sustainable land use and forestry. Promotion of clean energy technology in Latin America is taking place as joint ventures with multinational corporations. The change from fossil fuel to clean energy will ensure better atmosphere with less carbon in the air. Reduction of carbon emissions from factories and automobiles will mean cleaner atmosphere. The solution towards cleaner energy is ensured through agencies like the Kyoto protocol, ecological footprints, global bio-capacity, sustainable development, etc. The Kyoto Protocol The Kyoto protocol makes it mandatory for industrialized nations to cut down on the greenhouse gas (GHG). It is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Thirty seven industrialized countries and the European community have the responsibility of reducing GHG by 5% against 1990 levels over the five year period 2008-2012. The Kyoto protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997 and came into force on 16 February 2005. The countries meet their protocol target under three market-based mechanisms which are: Emissions trading also known as the carbon market, Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), and Joint Implementation (JI) (Kyoto

Make and Receive Telephone Calls Essay Example for Free

Make and Receive Telephone Calls Essay This unit is about making and receiving telephone calls and transferring calls, when necessary, in a business environment. 1-Understand how to make telephone calls. 1.1Describe the different features of telephone systems and how to use them. Telephone systems have many different features this allows us to handle and manage calls in a professional manner. †¢Call holding- places a caller on hold so you can perform another task. This could be to locate paperwork, find client/customer details, retrieve information from another member of staff or contact another colleague to divert the call along to. †¢Call waiting- lets you know when there is a caller waiting on another line and wishes to speak to you. This is shown by a flashing light, beeping tone or both. †¢Re-directing- are available on telephone systems were you may be required to forward a call to another colleague. Usually the features for re-directing state ‘redirect’ or ‘transfer’. †¢Answer phone- records messages of callers when no one is available to take the call. †¢Teleconferencing- enables more than the ‘caller’ and ‘receiver’ to be involved in a single phone call. There are now often enhanced with the use of a camera and computer. †¢Text messaging- features enable you to send and receive text style messages, alike a mobile phone. 1.2Give reasons for identifying the purpose of a call before making it. Knowing the purpose of a call before making the call is important as the call will sound professional, be concise and you will obtain all the information you require, it may also be useful to have questions you need answering written down and to have any relevant information to hand. By doing this it means the call obtained all the information needed so there shouldn’t be any need for another call to re-ask questions you should have asked in the original phone call. 1.3Describe different ways of obtaining the names and numbers of people that need to be contacted. †¢if a company name is known try searching for number on their website, try calling the company directly to see if anyone can help with your search. †¢If name is known search online phone book or type straight into a search engine such as Google. †¢Enquire within the company to see if anyone has dealt with the person before or if they may know of someone who can help. †¢Social networks such as Facebook, Twitter or Myspace as most people have an account personally or of their business to advertise them. †¢NB- whenever contacting people always clearly state who you are and why you are contacting them. 1.4Describe how to use a telephone system to make contact with people inside and outside an organisation. Inside call- if you know the internal extension number for the person you are trying to contact simply pick up the phone and dial number, if not try calling the department where the person is situated and your call will be transferred. On the possibility you have only been given a name to contact try calling a main reception desk or human resources and see if they can help you locate the person. Outside call- most company phones are set up internally so you have to begin with the phone call with a connection number. Here at UK Waterproofing Solutions Ltd we press ‘9’ before making an outside call as this connects us to an outside line instead of the call being dealt with internally. 1.5Explain the purpose of giving a positive image of self and own organisation with both incoming and outgoing calls. This call may very well be the first contact your company is making with the other company/customer and because it is over the phone there is no face to face meeting and so the person can’t judge you on your image or facial expressions so relaying a positive attitude is essential. It makes the call pleasant and productive, and will leave a good impression of both yourself (as the representative) and of the company you’re calling from. Being rude, abusive, un-helpful or just generally sound un-interested it creates a negative image against yourself and th e company. Whenever you make a call you are your companies representative so it is always important to be as polite and as helpful as possible as this may in turn create more custom for your business. 1.6Explain the purpose of summarising the outcomes of a telephone conversation before ending the call. Summarising is important so both parties involved are sure of the information that has been exchanged, it also ensures all questions are answered fully. For example during a long conversation about several different products your company produces you say â€Å" £5 per unit† but the caller thinks you said â€Å"5 units per  £Ã¢â‚¬  so summarising will prevent misunderstanding and incorrect information being relayed in a different company. Also if the conversation was long some finer details may have been missed simply due to the large amount of information discussed. Some companies have a policy were a courtesy email is sent to the caller in which all the information from the call has been summarised and additional information can be added. 1.7Describe how to identify problems and who to refer them to. When a call comes into the office always take a name (full if possible and preferably) and the company they are calling from, try and obtain from the caller either what the problem is exactly or from which department the problem arisen from and if they know who within the department they spoke to. Pass message along to department or relevant staff and see what information can be found to resolve the problem. If this is not possible try and locate a member of staff who can help from the information obtained from the caller e.g. company was expecting a cheque in the post over a week ago, locate staff or department that the cheque would have been sent from (most likely accounts department or a project manager/finance manger) if cheque was prepared for posting contact mail room for reference on mail log and when it was sent, if sent possibly cancel cheque as it may have been lost in the post and re-send new cheque. At all times keeping the other company informed on what happened and give them an estimated time of arrival for new cheque. 1.8Describe organisation structures and communication channels within an organisation. †¢Pyramid- staff have a role, shared decision making, specialisation is possible (traditional view of organisation). †¢Entrepreneurial- decisions made centrally (pressure on decision makers) †¢Matrix- staff with specific skills join project teams, individuals have responsibility. †¢Independent- seen in professions where organisations provide support systems and little else. (not suited to most businesses due to lack of control) †¢Channels of communication- communication in organisations follow paths or channels. Communication between managers and subordinates is known as vertical communication this is because the information flows up or down the hierarchy. Channels between departments or functions involve lateral communication. As well as formal channels of communication, information also passes through an organisation informally. Communication is not complete until feedback has been received. (VERTICAL, LATERAL COMMUNICATION) 1.9 Describe how to follow organisational procedures when making a telephone call. Always introduce yourself including name and company you are calling from, if prior know request to talk to the member of staff/department you are calling for. If not explain why you are calling and request help on locating staff that can help. When connected have questions ready or know exactly what information is required. At end summarise call and recap information to check accuracy. 1.10Explain how to report telephone system faults. Being as exact as possible will help the fault be resolved as fast as possible. †¢When did the problem start? †¢How frequent is it happening? †¢What conditions are occurring? †¢Can you restart or reset the equipment? Inform a member of staff of the fault and try contacting service provider for assistance. 2-Understand how to receive and transfer telephone calls. 2.1 Describe how to identify callers and their needs. Sequence Approach Helpful Phrases Phase 1- Clarification of callers needs Identify callers needsStart with open ended question. Active listening Don’t interruptâ€Å"How can I help you?† â€Å"What would you like to know from us?† Clarification of actual situation/facts Ask pertinent questions â€Å"In order to answer your question to the point, I need information about† Sum up request/concernCommunicate that users concerns are taken seriously- there is no such thing as a silly question. â€Å"Did I understand correctly that you would like to know/that you need † â€Å"It makes sense (is understandable) that you want to know this† â€Å"of course it is important for you to understand this† Phase 2- Meeting callers information needs Find out what user knows already What information was previously given? Respect for callers attitude without adopting it.â€Å"To avoid giving you information you may know already: what information about this have you already got?† I understand how you asses this situation† â€Å" Lets’ see what information we have about this† Transition to providing information Initiate giving the information Assess caller’s intake capacity in this specific situation and how information should be tailored to their needs.â€Å"Would you like me to tell you the information we’ve got about this question?† EXAMPLES â€Å"Would you like me to give you an overview at first?† â€Å"Would you like me to get some background information at first?† â€Å"Should I explain first the back ground story?† Providing information Align information to callers questions/concerns Provide small manageable information packages. Encourage caller to ask questions Check back to make sure caller has understood. Offer additional support services. Explain pauses that are caused by searching for information. Pause to allow for more questionsâ€Å"If you have questions in between/don’t understand something at any time please say† Clarification Revise incorrect/not applicable cautiously Clarify own role Build a bridge to other staffâ€Å"I noticed that† â€Å"I would like to point out† â€Å"It may be helpful to discuss this information with other colleagues† Phrase 3- Summing up and closure Conformation Ask if callers needs were met If needs obviously were not met address this fact â€Å"Did I answer your question with the information I gave you?† â€Å"Was this helpful?† â€Å"Is the information you were looking for?† â€Å"Have we discussed everything that you needed to know?† â€Å"Unfortunately we weren’t able to answer your question(s) the way you had expected it. The reason is (explain)† â€Å"But maybe our conversation could show you away† Closure of call Offer to call again â€Å"If you have more questions at a later time/need more information/clarification, feel free to call again anytime† 2.2 Explain the purpose of giving accurate and up-to-date information to callers. Giving in accurate information to callers means when someone calls a company they have done so with the anticipation of getting their question/query promptly and professionally. Having up to date information available in a clear and concise manner will confirm in the callers mind they made a good buying decision or are about to. For example, if a customer called into the office for a price on a liner and I gave them a price based on last years/incorrect prices when they received/picked up the liner and were asked to pay more that I had previously said they would have a poor impression of the company and may not be able to afford or have budgeted for the new higher price for the liner. 2.3 Explain the purpose of confidentiality and security when dealing with callers. From a callers point of view they want their personal details kept secure and confidential by showing this when dealing with a caller you are showing them that you can be trusted with their personal information. For your point of view, you need to keep callers personal information private and respect their privacy, or you could be liable for prosecution under the data protection act. 2.4 Describe the types of information that could affect confidentiality and security and how to handle these. If any confidential or information to do with security is given out, then it is causing a threat to others. Types of information that could affect confidentiality and security are peoples personal details, PIN numbers, National Insurance Numbers and account numbers. These can all be kept confidential by not telling anyone them. The Data Protection Act was setup to prevent confidential and security information from being given out and it is breaking the law if you do. All these sorts of information should be handled by a maximum of 2 people and seen by no one else. This way no information will be revealed. 2.5 Describe the ways of identifying the appropriate person to whom a call is transferred. After answering the call following company procedure, ask the caller if they know the name of the person they wish to speak to, if they don’t ask regarding which department. Again if the caller doesn’t know find out briefly what the call is in reference to (briefly due to the topic the caller may wish to discuss can be of a private matter). Using this information can make it easier to select the right person/department. For example: †¢*Ring, Ring Ring, Ring* †¢Me: UK Waterproofing †¢Caller: Hello my names Jane Doe, I spoke to a representative from your company yesterday and would like to speak to him again if possible? †¢Me: Of course, who are you looking for? †¢Caller: I’m sorry I don’t know his name †¢Me: That’s fine, do you know what department he was from? †¢Caller: Again I’m sorry, I made note of his name but I’ve lost the piece of paper I wrote it on. †¢Me: Not to worry, can I ask what the call was in reference to as this may help us locate the person you’re after. †¢Caller: Yes sure, I was looking into making a pond in my garden and the gentleman was providing information on how to measure my pond for a liner, I’m calling back with my measurements hoping to get a price. †¢Me: Okay, by the sounds of it you’ll be looking for the estimates department, if you don’t mind being put on hold for a few moments I’ll call up and see if we can locate the gentleman you spoke to yesterday. †¢Caller: That’s fine, thank you. †¢*Place caller on hold* 2.6 Describe the information to be given when transferring calls and leaving messages. After answering the phone following company procedure (taking callers name, company they are from, what the call is regarding) To caller: Explain that they will be put on hold while you try and locate (if person unknown) or contact the person they are after or another member of staff who is more appropriate to deal with their request. To new recipient of the call: Who is on the line, where they are from (company), why you are transferring the call to them and what details have already been given to the caller. This saves time and prevents the caller being given the same information again. On return to the caller: Who they are being transferred to and why they will be more useful and helpful to deal with their request. When leaving a message for someone out of office or via a phone message: Who the caller was, full name, where they are calling from i.e. company. What time they rang, the details of the call and any specific details or requests the caller wanted the intended receiver to know. For example: †¢*Ring, ring ring, ring* (8:45am) †¢Me: UK Waterproofing †¢Caller: Hello, I’m looking to speak with Dave Moss please. †¢Me: Unfortunately Mr Moss is not in the office at the moment, would you like me to pass a message along to him? †¢Caller: Yes please, my names Jane Doe I’m from Example Building in Nottingham, Mr Moss contacted me earlier this week looking for a price on a two storey extension on the Hampshire site, reference JO213. Can you let him know we need to send a couple of men to the site to do some final measurements but we can’t get access without written consent from Mr Moss to the site manager to allow our men to be at the site for a few hours. It’s a health and safety procedure that we need to complete before our men can go out. †¢Me: That’s fine so, Jane Doe of Example Building Notts, called back regarding Hampshire site quote, needs written consent sending to site manager to allow for measurements to be taken. Health and Safety requirement. Can I take a contact number? †¢Caller: Sure, 07895324870 that’s my work mobile, I’m out of the office from 10:00am till around 3:00pm so could he call either before or after as there are a couple of other things I need to discuss with him. †¢Me: Okay, out of office from 10:00am-3:00pm I’ll be sure to pass the message along. †¢Caller: Thank you. Call to Mr Moss. Message left on answer machine. â€Å"Good morning Dave, Jane Doe from Example Building in Nottingham rang for you this morning at 8:45am, call was regarding a quote on ref: JO213 Hampshire site, she needs written consent sending to site manager to allow for some men to take measurements, it’s a company health and safety requirement. Can you call her on 07895324870, she is out of office 10:00am till 3:00pm and asked for you to call outside of these times, wishes to discuss more with you as well. Thanks† 2.7 Describe how to identify problems and who to refer them to. Transferred call- connection with customer may have been lost during transfer, contact previous person who transferred call to you and see if they have a number or company name so you can call caller back. (Calling a customer back shows you are keen to help that person and will try your best to provide good customer service by taking the time and effort to try and re-connect with the caller). Log problem as a technical fault, if disconnecting issue continues check phones for system fault and report to a senior member of staff or technical support staff. Transferred to wrong person- This may have happened due to a system fault or a technical fault with a phone involved in the transfer, other possibility is the original person to transfer was new and so may have made a mistake. Explain to the person that unfortunately they have been transferred to the wrong person, it may not necessarily be the incorrect department just wrong person. Apologise to customer, explain the problem, if you can help continue to assist the customer if not swiftly transfer call to correct person but keep caller informed at all times as to what is happening. Log fault making note of when it happened and the phones involved, if problem persists inform senior member of staff.

Dramatic Irony in Oedipus Rex Essay examples -- Oedipus the King Oedip

Dramatic Irony in Oedipus Rex  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   M. H. Abrams defines dramatic irony as a situation wherein:      Ã¢â‚¬Å"the audience or reader shares with the author knowledge of present or future circumastances of which a character is ignorant; in that situation, the character unknowingly acts in a way we recognize to be grossly inappropriate to the actual circumstances, or expects the opposite of what we know that fate holds in store, or says something that anticipates the actual outcome, but not aat all in the way that the character intends†(137).    Let us explore that feature in Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex.      From the very outset of the tragedy, Sophocles relies on heavy irony. E. T. Owens in â€Å"Drama in Sophocles’ Oedipus Tyrannus† comments:    We must bear in mind that Sophocles builds his effects on the audience’s presumed knowledge of the outcome. He   has therefore constructed these early scenes also to get the most out of the ironic contrast between appearance and reality. For there is here the opportunity not only of progressively sharpening and deepening the â€Å"irony,† but of prolonging suspense, keeping the audience breathlessly waiting for the expected blow to fall† (32).    The protagonist’s fortunes are never higher than at the outset of the drama. The rising action has already occurred with his destruction of the Sphinx and his election as king. This is the high point of Oedipus’ fortunes, to which he will never return. At the outset of Oedipus Rex the reader sees a king who comes to the door full of curiosity: â€Å"Explain your mood and purport. Is it dread /Of ill that moves you or a boon ye crave?† When the priest, referring to Oedipus as â€Å"savior,† has responded that the people are despairing... ... of Critical Essays, edited by Thomas Woodard. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966.    Owens, E. T.. â€Å"Drama in Sophocles’ Oedipus Tyrannus.† In Twentieth Century Interpretations of Oedipus Rex, edited by Michael J. O’Brien. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968.    Segal, Charles. Oedipus Tyrannus: Tragic Heroism and the Limits of Knowledge. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1993.    â€Å"Sophocles† In Literature of the Western World, edited by Brian Wilkie and James Hurt. NewYork: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1984.    Sophocles. Oedipus Rex. Transl. by F. Storr. no pag. http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/browse-mixed new?tag=public&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&part=0&id=SopOedi    Van Nortwick, Thomas.   Oedipus: The Meaning of a Masculine Life. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1998.

Business and Administration Unit5

Unit five: Principles of supporting business events Assessment Section 1 – Understand how to support the organisation of a business event 1. When organising a business event, describe the range of support activities that may be required.Types of events and main features (formal meetings including board meetings and annual general meetings, semiinformal including team meetings or sales meetings, exhibitions and trade fairs, receptions, conferences); agreeing role and responsibilities to provide support activities required (clarifying purpose, type and size of event, identifying target audience and confirming numbers, planning tasks and resources); confirming venue with others 1 Organising a venue The venues for business events may be on the organisation’s premises.In most cases these will have to be reserved to ensure they are available at the required times. Sometimes the venues will have to be sourced externally. These will have to be checked in terms of their faciliti es and their cost. The aim is to find cost-effective venues that will make it possible to deliver a high-quality event. 2 Getting the appropriate equipment The equipment required will be determined by the size and type of event. Some typical examples include: computers and screens for PowerPoint presentations, sound systems, stages and portable toilets. 3 Arranging for speakers to attendFor some events, such as conferences and seminars, the speakers are the central feature. Finding the required speakers, checking their availability and fees and arranging for them to attend are all important aspects of many business events. 4 Sorting out food and drink For many events it is important that appropriate refreshments are provided. This may be something simple such as providing tea / coffee / water for a management meeting through to three-course meals for large numbers of people. Often people will have special dietary requirements that should be identified and catered for. Preparing docu mentation The lifeblood of many business events will be the many forms of documentation. These will include things such as: promotional brochures, invitations, menus, conference packs, itineraries and minutes. 2. Complete the table below by identifying two ways of providing support before, during and after a business event. |Before |During |After | |1. Providing administrative support |1. Administrative support (accurate |1.Vacating event (leaving venue clean | |(organising printing |note-taking, ensuring delegates have the |and tidy, returning or securing equipment | |and supply of any publicity material, |resources they need, ensuring delegates are | | |supporting documents or files, relevant |aware of location of event rooms and | | |meeting papers, travel instructions, |facilities, recording attendance and | | |informing relevant people of any |cancellations) | | |alterationsand changes in arrangements | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |2. Organising appropriate venues (loca tion, |2. Health, safety and security support |2.Produce a record of the | |size, |(checking |meeting/event; circulating materials (meeting| |layout, time required for advance notice or |emergency procedures, housekeeping |minutes, evaluation forms, making sure these | |bookings, assessing facilities for parking, |arrangements, security of materials and |are within agreed timescales) | |catering; number and type of delegates, |equipment) | | |special requirements; venue checklist | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Section 2 – Understand the purpose of displaying professional and helpful behaviour whilst supporting a business event and how to do so 1. Explain the purpose of displaying professional and helpful behaviour when supporting a business event. Reasons for displaying professional and helpful behaviour to present a positive image of the organisation, to make visitors feel welcome,to ensure a successful event A more efficient and effective event Internal and external customers will be satisfied Resources are not wasted People will be more co-operativeLess conflict Greater likelihood of support for similar events in the future. 2. Describe ways of exhibiting professional and helpful behaviour whilst supporting a business event. Ways: greeting visitors, confirming names forregistration, making sure visitors have necessary materials, point out housekeeping arrangements, refer difficult queries to line manager In everyday life, people are observing the behaviour of others and forming theories and ideas about a person’s commitment, competence and character. They may experience the person face to face or experience the results of their efforts. These judgements will be made whether staff like it or not.The challenge for businesses and staff is to manage these judgements effectively and be as positive as possible, at all times. Some examples of positive qualities include: Appearance Clean Well groomed (eg hair, fingernails, hands) Clean clothes (in a style appropriate for the business) Polished shoes Perfume/aftershave not overpowering Non-verbal communication Smiling Making eye contact Looking attentive when an attendee is speaking Communication Speak clearly Speak at a sensible speed (not too quickly or too slowly) Listen carefully to answers Keep the attendee informed Behaviour Polite Friendly Attentive Professionalism and technical ability Deal with speakers and attendees promptlyEfficiently work through the event as appropriate, such as getting attendee details, completing paperwork, issuing badges and materials Effectively use technology such as telephone, computer and ticket systems Have a detailed knowledge of the event and being able to answer most people’s questions Section 3 – Understand how to deal with problems encountered when supporting a business event 1. What are the main types of problems that may occur when supporting a business event? You should include at least three different types of pr oblems in your answer. Late or absent attendees – If people turn up late then they may miss things such as registration or early parts of the event. Staff that are expected to move onto other roles are forced to wait for late attendees.If parts of an event are dependent on the participation of attendees these may be impossible to do or be less effective due to the smaller numbers. There are similar problems when people are absent and there may be further administrative costs of chasing up absent people after the event. Equipment problems Failure of audio visual equipment – For many events, such as conferences and concerts, a failure in the audio visual equipment will result in an inferior or failed event. Failure of computers / computer aided activities – Many events rely significantly upon computers. Activities such as ticketing and audio visual presentations are frequently dependent upon specialised hardware and software.Failure of kitchen equipment – I f the event requires catering then the failure of kitchen equipment may result in people not being properly refreshed and fed. Process problems The wrong people invited / the right people are not invited – If the wrong people are invited then it will be virtually impossible to achieve the objectives of an event. For example if the event aims to sell human resource management services then attendees should ideally be budget holders with control in human resource management areas of a business. If the attendees have other specialisms / do not hold relevant budgets then the event may have a reduced level of success. Special requirements overlooked – When organising an event it is important to ask about any special needs of the attendees.For example people may have limited mobility, be visually impaired or have dietary restrictions. Failure to acknowledge these needs may result in attendees having a very poor experience. Insufficient documentation / papers / delegate packs – Failure to get documents, paperwork and delegate packs right can undermine an event and deliver a poor service to delegates / attendees. This may be incorrect numbers, poor quality materials and incorrect delivery dates. 2. Identify possible solutions for each of the problems you have listed in Question 1 above. Prevention – from the outset, eliminate the chance of a problem occurring. Contingency plans – factor in a fallback plan to minimise disruption if things do go wrong.Flexible and calm response on the day – even if you're not calm on the inside, projecting a calm attitude can help keep other people's reactions in check The best way to deal with problems is to eliminate them from the beginning. If an event is well planned and organised then the scope for problems is significantly reduced. 1 Registrations Allowing people to register for events right there on your website can greatly boost attendance. The path a user has to take from discovering th e event to participating becomes that much shorter, which translates into a better user experience and more registrants. You will also need to be able to manage registrations through the back end. Registrants should be listed somewhere, with easy access to their details. Equipment problemsGood event management is about organising people to be in charge of individual areas of the event and that everyone knows what the plan is. This means making sure that things are kept to schedule and assisting or having backup plans if it falls behind. The best way to deal with problems is to eliminate them from the beginning. If an event is well planned and organised then the scope for problems is significantly reduced. There are some easy ways to reduce potential problems. Learn from previous events Get advice from experienced people Get advice from other sources Have colleagues review any plans Use proven and tested suppliers Use proven techniques for project planning Double-check things careful ly.

Biff Loman’s Role in Death of a Salesman

Biff Loman may not be the â€Å"Salesman† in Arthur Miller’s masterpiece, The Death of a Salesman, but he is the main character of the play. The character known as Biff Loman is at the root of his immediate family’s internal dilemmas and inner conflicts. Biff’s essence is what motivates the men in his family to choose the path that they take in life. For this reason, even when Biff is not present in a particular scene, he is still omnipresent because of his invisible pull on the actions and feelings of his family members whom he had impacted throughout the years. The play finds Biff Loman at age 34, while his younger brother Happy is 32. Growing up, Happy was influenced greatly by his older brother. This is common in most young boys, especially when they are this close in age. Happy was eyewitness to the arrogant and womanizing behaviors of his elder brother, Biff during their youth. Happy saw the way Biff behaved during high school and witnessed the positive feedback that he received from both his peers and his father as a result of his behavior, which was less than exemplary. Happy saw Biff skate through his teenage years living in this manner. Biff got the attention from their father that Happy had yearned for. The stage was set for Happy to attempt to emulate Biff’s womanizing, unscrupulous actions during his own life. Happy became a womanizer on a level which even exceeded Biff’s promiscuous behavior during his youth. Happy often found himself sleeping with his boss’s wives, girlfriends and fiances. He couldn’t even understand why he did it. It was simply an instinct which was engrained in him after spending his impressionable years so close to Biff, even sharing a bedroom with him during this time. Willy Loman, himself, was obsessed with his eldest son. During Biff’s prime of life, Willy found happiness by living vicariously though his son. Poor Happy was hardly noticed by his father who was so wrapped up in Biff. Willy believed that he would find all his dreams that were never realized finally seen through by Biff. He thought Biff would succeed in college and find the successful career that Willy himself was never fortunate enough to have. All of Willy’s hopes and dreams were wrapped up in this one boy and when Biff failed to live up to them, Willy felt that failure just as deeply as he felt the let-down of his own unfulfilled life. To make matters worse, even though Willy did not admit it, he knew that he, himself was to blame for Biff’s downfall. Willy never pushed Biff to do the right thing in life. He chuckled when Biff stole from his football coach and was proud of his son when Biff made his friends clean the family’s basement. Biff said to his father, â€Å"I think I’ll have them sweep out the furnace room† to which Willy replied, â€Å"Good work, Biff. (Miller 1192) Willy’s wife, Linda, had warned him about Biff being rough with the girls and this, too, was shrugged off . Linda said, â€Å"He’s too rough with the girls, Willy. All the mothers are afraid of him. † Willy replied, â€Å"Shut up†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦There’s nothing the matter with him! †¦ . He’s got spirit, personality†¦. † (Miller 1195) Willy felt that Biff already possessed all the qualities needed in order to be successful in life, so there was no need to offer guidance to his son or punish his missteps along the way. This was a parenting strategy that Willy would later live to regret. The paramount of Willy’s guilt was the fact that Biff caught him in a hotel room with a woman with whom he was having an affair. Willy made up ridiculous excuses to cover the fact that this woman was in his hotel room naked. He tells his son, â€Å"Biff, she’s a buyer. They’re painting her room†¦. She lives down the hall – they’re painting. † (Miller 1240) Biff saw through to the truth of the matter, though. He yells at his father, saying â€Å"Don’t touch me, you – liar! (Miller 1241) Biff was so crushed by the realization that his father was not the family man whom he had idolized that he did not even bother to make up the math course that he had to complete that Summer in order to graduate. This one small action threw away his chances at attending college. The immense guilt that Willy felt as a result of his son discovering his infidelity is at the cor e of play’s plot. This guilt and attempted absolution is what ultimately leads to the death of Willy Loman. Willy is attempting suicide in order to finally make things right with Biff. He wants his first born son to collect twenty thousand dollars from a life insurance policy. Willy, who has his own identity so wrapped up in Biff, feels that Biff will become successful with this money and therefore Willy’s legacy will be one of achievement and success in life. Willy is so convinced of this idea being a reality, that he is willing to throw his earthly life away for a chance at an afterlife view of his own dreams being carried through his son, Biff. This makes Biff the lead character in the play. Bibliography; Only the actual play is refererenced in this report.

diagnosis essays

diagnosis essays Jennifer came to me several failed visits and theripys through out her teen years. She had, like it past reports complained of "always feeling worried and anxious". She often talked on how going out to social settings and relationships was so difficult. Believing that it was her fate to always be alone. She felt very uncomfortable around crowds as if they would turn on her in angry or disapproval. Jennifer had came to me after a referral from a mutual friend of mine. One that she had built a friendship with the current job that she had worked continuously for 2 yrs. Talking about her past relationships, I found she hadn't been intimate with any single person in over six yrs. That all had failed within 3 moths. Most of her broken relationships were because she felt mistrust, and a feeling that "they were trying to pull something over on me, and I (Jennifer) was so afraid of being hurt". Often, making quick calls and predictions to the short-term future, she thought it was best to "run away." Jennifer's body language showed of an act. Working in the pubic she had taught herself to act how she viewed as normal. There was difficulty in eye contact, almost as if she was fighting not to look away. Observing her petite frame, it was on that Turning around I viewed her expressions threw a mirror on the wall, becoming untensed and looking down, it was an action of a person being gratefully relived. After building a strong foundation over several months, I begun slowly taking her back to her teen years. I found when Jennifer was 15 years of age; she had become intimate with a 17-year-old male. This relationship had lasted for two years. During the relationship, she told of constily being put down, that it wasn't nothing physical but all mental. She told of several experiences of that the male had look outside their relationship for other sexual gradifications, even so far to involve the majority of her trusted female friends. Jennifer ...

Predeterminer Definition and Examples in English Grammar

Predeterminer Definition and Examples in English Grammar In grammar, a predeterminer is a type of determiner that precedes other determiners in a noun phrase. (The word that immediately follows a predeterminer is called the central determiner.) Predeterminers are also known as a predeterminer modifiers.   Predeterminers are used to express a proportion (such as all, both, or half) of the whole indicated in the noun phrase. Like determiners, predeterminers are functional elements of structure and not formal word classes. Examples and Observations Half our life is spent trying to find something to do with the time we have rushed through life trying to save.(attributed to Will Rogers)All the people like us are We,And everyone else is They.(Rudyard Kipling)Both the children had a gentleness (it was their only fault, and it never made Miles a muff) that kept them- how shall I express it?- almost impersonal and certainly quite unpunishable.(Henry James, The Turn of the Screw, 1898)Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall,Humpty Dumpty had a great fall.All the kings horses and all the kings menCouldnt put Humpty together again.(English nursery rhyme)Realizing the importance of the case, my men are rounding up twice the usual number of suspects.(Claude Rains as Captain Renault in Casablanca, 1942)Core Members and Marginal MembersThe special quantifiers all, both, and half are the core members of the class of predeterminers. Other fractions and multiples (twice, thrice, three times, etc.) are marginal members. This set of quantifying elements is distinct from ordinary quantifiers such as many, some, much, and the cardinal and ordinal numerals. . . .[T]he word such and certain adjectives can [also] serve as predeterminer modifiers before the indefinite article. In all such cases in the corpora, predeterminer adjectives are themselves modified such that they describe a relative degree of some property. For example, something that is too good possesses a degree of goodness that is equal to some reference point; someone who is such a bore exhibits a high degree of boorishness, etc.(Thomas Edward Payne, Understanding English Grammar: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge University Press, 2011)

Protecting Homeland Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Protecting Homeland Security - Essay Example Following the events of Sept. 11, the U.S. government has had a keen awareness of the risks posed by international terrorist groups, but it is divided over whether the military should be restructured in order to better respond to those threats. One major element of that dilemma has been the funding. With the Pentagon already engaged in expensive, armed conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq, two countries invaded by U.S.-led forces as part of the war on terrorism, many wonder whether the U.S. can afford to implement major reforms in its military ranks. Since there is no clear answer to that question, efforts to institute far-reaching structural and policy changes in the U.S. military have divided many within Congress, the Pentagon and the defense industry, which produces the equipment and weapons used by the U.S. military. Supporters of military transformation include Bush, many prominent members of his administration, high-ranking officials in the Pentagon, members of Congress and a number of firms within the defense industry. They collectively argue that, due to the war on terrorism, conditions are right for reforming the military for the 21st century.